The terminology is shifting toward proportionate defense, as the means and scope of war is so vastly different than in the times of St. Augustine.
During the second session of the consistory — the meeting of the world’s cardinals — convened by Leo XIV, on the afternoon of June 26, 2026, the cardinals supported the Pope’s wish to move beyond the just war theory, as set out in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. According to a summary of the discussions published by the Holy See Press Office, they preferred instead to draw on the concept of
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